Replication \Rep`li*ca"tion\ (-k?"sh?n), n. [L. replicatio. See
Reply.]
1. An answer; a reply. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
Withouten any repplicacioun. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]
2. (Law Pleadings) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of
fact, to the defendant's plea.
[1913 Webster]
3. Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
[1913 Webster]
To hear the replication of your sounds. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]
4. A repetition; a copy.
[1913 Webster]
5. (Biochem.) The copying, by enzymes, of a cell's genome,
i.e. the DNA or RNA comprising its genetic material, so as
to form an identical genome. This is an essential step in
the division of one cell into two. This differs from
transcription, which is the copying of only part of the
genetic information of a cell's genome into RNA, as in the
processes of biosynthesis of messenger RNA or ribosomal
RNA.
[PJC]
Syn: Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.
[1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
replication
n 1: the act of making copies; "Gutenberg's reproduction of holy
texts was far more efficient" [syn: reproduction]
2: (genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself
before cell division
3: a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or
critical one); "it brought a sharp rejoinder from the
teacher" [syn: rejoinder, retort, return, riposte,
comeback, counter]
4: (law) a pleading made by a plaintiff in reply to the
defendant's plea or answer
5: the persistence of a sound after its source has stopped
[syn: echo, reverberation, sound reflection]
6: copy that is not the original; something that has been
copied [syn: replica, reproduction]
7: the repetition of an experiment in order to test the
validity of its conclusion; "scientists will not believe
an experimental result until they have seen at least one
replication"
WordNet (r) 2.0
111 Moby Thesaurus words for "replication":
Altmann theory, DNA, De Vries theory, Galtonian theory,
Mendelianism, Mendelism, RNA, Verworn theory, Weismann theory,
Weismannism, Wiesner theory, acknowledgment, allele, allelomorph,
answer, answering, antiphon, back answer, back talk, backchat,
birth, character, chromatid, chromatin, chromosome, clone,
comeback, conduplication, confutation, contraremonstrance, copying,
counteraccusation, counterblast, countercharge, counterclaim,
counterpart, counterreply, counterstatement, defense, determinant,
determiner, diathesis, ditto, double, doubling, dupe, duplicate,
duplication, echo, endowment, eugenics, evasive reply, facsimile,
factor, gemination, gene, genesiology, genetic code, genetics,
hereditability, heredity, heritability, heritage, imitation,
inborn capacity, ingemination, inheritability, inheritance,
iteration, matrocliny, model, patrocliny, pharmacogenetics,
quadruplicate, reaction, ready reply, rebuttal, rebutter, receipt,
recessive character, reduplication, refutation, reiteration,
rejoinder, repartee, repetition, replica, reply, repost,
representation, reproduction, rescript, rescription, respondence,
response, responsion, responsory, retort, return, reverberation,
riposte, short answer, snappy comeback, surrebuttal, surrebutter,
surrejoinder, triplicate, twinning, witty reply, witty retort,
yes-and-no answer
Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0
replication
Creating and maintaining a duplicate
copy of a database or file system on a different computer,
typically a server. The term usually implies the
intelligent copying of parts of the source database which have
changed since the last replication with the destination.
Replication may be one-way or two-way. Two-way replication is
much more complicated because of the possibility that a
replicated object may have been updated differently in the two
locations in which case some method is needed to reconcile the
different versions.
For example, Lotus Notes can automatically distribute
document databases across telecommunications networks. Notes
supports a wide range of network protocols including X25
and Internet TCP/IP.
Compare mirror. See also rdist.
(1997-12-12)
The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03)
REPLICATION, pleading. The plaintiff's answer to the defendant's plea.
2. Replications will be considered, 1. With regard to their several
kinds. 2. To their form. 3. To their qualities.
3.-Sec. 1. They are to pleas in abatement and to pleas in bar.
4.-1. When the defendant pleads to the jurisdiction of the court, the
plaintiff may reply, and in this case the replication commences with a
statement that the writ ought not to be quashed, or that the court ought not
to be ousted of their jurisdiction, because &c., and concludes to the
country, if the replication merely deny the subject-matter of the plea.
Rast. Entr. 101 Thomps. Entr. 2; Clift's Entr. 17; 1 Chit. Pl. 434. As a
general rule, when the plea is to the misnomer of the plaintiff or
defendant, or when the plea consists of matter of fact which the plaintiff
denies, the replication may begin without any allegation that the writ or
bill ought not to be quashed. 1 Bos. & Pull. 61.
5.-2. The replication is, in general, governed by the plea, and most
frequently denies it. When the plea concludes to the country, the plaintiff
must, in general, reply by adding a similiter; but when the plea concludes
with a verification, the replication must either, 1. Conclude the defendant
by matter of estoppel; or, 2. May deny the truth of the matter alleged in
the plea, either in whole or in part; or, 3. May confess and avoid the plea;
or, 4. In the case of an evasive plea, may new assign the cause of action.
For the several kinds of replication as they relate to the different forms
of action, see 1 Chit. Pl. 551, et seq.; Arch. Civ. Pl. 258.
6.-Sec. 2. The form of the replication will be considered with regard
to, 1. The title. 2. The commencement. 3. The body. 4. The conclusion.
7.-1. The replication is usually entitled in the court and of the term
of which it is pleaded, and the names of the plaintiff and defendant are
stated in the margin, thus "A B against C D." 2 Chit. Pl. 641.
8.-2. The commencement is that part of the replication which
immediately follows the statement of the title of the court and term, and
the names of the parties. It varies in form when it replies to matter of
estoppel from what it does when it denies, or confesses and avoids the plea;
in the latter case it commences with an allegation technically termed the
preclude non. (q.v.) It generally commences with the words, "And the said
plaintiff saith that the said defendant," &c. 1 Chit. Pl. 573.
9.-3. The body of the replication ought to contain either. 1. Matter of
estoppel. 2. Denial of the plea. 3. A confession and avoidance of it; or, 4.
In case of an evasive plea, a new assignment. 1st. When the matter of
estoppel does not appear from the anterior pleading, the replication should
set it forth; as, if the matter has been tried upon a particular issue in
trespass, and found by the jury, such finding may be replied as an estoppel.
3 East, R. 346; vide 4 Mass. R. 443. 2d. The second kind of replication is
that which denies or traverses the truth of the plea, either in part or in
whole. Vide Traverse, and 1 Chit. Pl. 576, note a. 3d. The third kind of
replication admits, either in words or in effect, the fact alleged in the
plea, and avoids the effect of it by stating new matter. If, for example,
infancy be pleaded, the plaintiff may reply that the goods were necessaries,
or that the defendant, after he came of full age, ratified and confirmed the
promise. Vide Confession and Avoidance. 4th. When the plea is such as merely
to evade the allegation in the declaration, the plaintiff in his replication
may reassign it. Vide New Assignment, and 1 Chit. Pl. 601.
10.-4. With regard to the conclusion, it is a general rule, that when
the replication denies the whole of the defendant's plea, containing matter
of fact, it should conclude to the country. There are other conclusions in
particular cases, which the reader will find fully stated in 1 Chit. Pl.
615, et seq.; Com. Dig. Pleader, F 5 vide 1 Saund. 103, n.; 2 Caines' R. 60
2 John. R. 428; 1 John. R. 516; Arch. Civ. Pl. 258; 19 Vin. Ab 29; Bac. Ab.
Trespass, I 4; Doct. Pl. 428; Beames' Pl. in Eq. 247, 325, 326.
11.-Sec. 3. The qualities of a replication are, 1. That it must answer
so much of the defendant's plea as it professes to answer, and that if it be
bad in part, it is bad for the whole. Com. Dig. Pleader, F 4, W 2; 1 Saund.
338; 7 Cranch's Rep. 156. 2. It must not depart from the allegations in the
declaration in any material matter. Vide Departure, and 2 Saund. 84 a, note
1; Co. Lit. 304 a. See also 3 John. Rep. 367; 10 John. R. 259; 14 John., R.
132; 2 Caines' R. 320. 3. It must be certain. Vide Certainty. 4. It must be
single. Vide U. S. Dig. Pleading, XI.; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.; Duplicity;
Pleadings.
Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
|
|
|